国际自然保护联盟濒危物种红色名录（或称IUCN红色名录，简称红皮书）于1963年开始编制，是全球动植物物种保护现状最全面的名录。此名录由国际自然保护联盟编制及维护。

IUCN红色名录是根据严格准则去评估数以千计物种及亚种的绝种风险所编制而成的。准则是根据物种及地区厘定，旨在向公众及决策者反映保育工作的迫切性，并协助国际社会避免物种灭绝。

主要的物种评估机构有国际鸟盟、世界保护监测中心及IUCN辖下物种存续委员会内的专家团体。总括而言，上述团体所评估的物种数目占整个红色名录接近一半。

IUCN红色名录被认定为对生物多样性状况最具权威的指标。

The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data List), founded in 1964, is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of biological species. The International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) is the world's main authority on the conservation status of species. A series of Regional Red Lists are produced by countries or organizations, which assess the risk of extinction to species within a political management unit.