菲洛墨拉（希腊语：Φιλομήλα，字面意思是“爱歌者”）希腊神话中阿提刻（雅典及其附近地区）国王潘狄翁与妻子宙克西珀所生之女，是普罗克涅、厄瑞克透斯和部忒斯的妹妹。

菲洛墨拉的姐夫色雷斯国王忒柔斯凶暴好色，企图霸占菲洛墨拉，遂将妻子普罗克涅藏于密林，谎称已死，要潘狄翁把另一个女儿送来。菲洛墨拉到达后即遭其强奸，又被割掉舌头。普罗克涅得知后气极，为报复竟杀死与忒柔斯的孩子，并将孩子的肉做成饭给忒柔斯吃，然后带菲洛墨拉逃跑。忒柔斯发觉真相后暴怒，拼命追赶两人。两姐妹在绝望中向神祈祷，天神把他们三人都变成了鸟：普罗克涅变成夜莺，菲洛墨拉变成燕子，忒柔斯变成戴胜。晚期的罗马作家不知出于什幺原因改动了神话，把无舌的菲洛墨拉说成是夜莺，普罗克涅则说成燕子。

Philomela /ˌfɪləˈmiːlə/ or Philomel /ˈfɪləˌmɛl/ (Ancient Greek: Φιλομήλη, Philomēlē) is a minor figure in Greek mythology and is frequently invoked as a direct and figurative symbol in literary, artistic, and musical works in the Western canon.

She is identified as being the "princess of Athens" and the younger of two daughters of Pandion I, King of Athens, and Zeuxippe. Her sister, Procne, was the wife of King Tereus of Thrace. While the myth has several variations, the general depiction is that Philomela, after being raped and mutilated by her sister's husband, Tereus, obtains her revenge and is transformed into a nightingale (Luscinia megarhynchos), a migratory passerine bird native to Europe and southwest Asia and noted for its song. Because of the violence associated with the myth, the song of the nightingale is often depicted or interpreted as a sorrowful lament. Coincidentally, in nature, the female nightingale is mute and only the male of the species sings.