迭代法（英语：Iterative Method），在计算数学中，迭代是通过从一个初始估计出发寻找一系列近似解来解决问题（一般是解方程或者方程组）的数学过程，为实现这一过程所使用的方法统称。

跟迭代法相对应的是直接法（或者称为一次解法），即一次性解决问题，例如通过开方解决方程。一般如果可能，直接解法总是优先考虑的。但当遇到复杂问题时，特别是在未知量很多，方程为非线性时，我们无法找到直接解法（例如五次以及更高次的代数方程没有解析解，参见阿贝尔定理），这时候或许可以通过迭代法寻求方程（组）的近似解。

最常见的迭代法是牛顿法。其他还包括最速下降法、共轭迭代法、变尺度迭代法、最小二乘法、线性规划、非线性规划、单纯型法、惩罚函数法、斜率投影法、遗传算法、模拟退火等等。

In computational mathematics, an iterative method is a mathematical procedure that generates a sequence of improving approximate solutions for a class of problems. A specific implementation of an iterative method, including the termination criteria, is an algorithm of the iterative method. An iterative method is called convergent if the corresponding sequence converges for given initial approximations. A mathematically rigorous convergence analysis of an iterative method is usually performed; however, heuristic-based iterative methods are also common. In the problems of finding the root of an equation (or a solution of a system of equations), an iterative method uses an initial guess to generate successive approximations to a solution.