Symptoms of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency typically involve the lungs and liver.

α-1抗胰蛋白酶缺陷的典型症状累及肺和肝。

Since you need both mutant copies for the disease, this makes alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency a recessive disease.

由于罹患α-1抗胰蛋白酶缺陷必须有2个突变基因拷贝，α-1抗胰蛋白酶缺乏症是一种隐形遗传病。

Another effect of unchecked inflammation in alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is chronic bronchitis, resulting from increased mucus production and narrowing of the airways.

α-1抗胰蛋白酶缺乏症导致炎症失控的另一个后果是慢性支气管炎，由黏液增多以及气道狭窄导致。

So alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency can lead to both emphysema and chronic bronchitis, the two types of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD.

因此α-1抗胰蛋白酶缺乏症可导致肺气肿和慢支，而肺气肿和慢支是慢阻肺（COPD）中的2种类型。

Diagnosis of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency often begins with a chest X-ray or Chest CT to look for hyperinflated lungs or evidence of damaged lung tissue.

α-1抗胰蛋白酶缺乏症的诊断常通过X线胸片或胸部CT寻找肺过度膨胀或肺组织受损的证据。

If both copies of the gene were mutant Z copies, then typically there's only 15 - 20% of normal levels, which results in alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency.

如果两个基因拷贝都是异常的Z型，这样的个体一般只有正常α-1抗胰蛋白酶活性的15-20%，导致α-1抗胰蛋白酶缺陷。

Another, more common cause of COPD is smoking, and if someone with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency also smokes, they tend to get an earlier onset of COPD than they have otherwise, an example of a gene-environment interaction.

另外，COPD更常见的病因是吸烟，如果有人患有α-1抗胰蛋白酶缺乏症且同时吸烟，那他们患上COPD的时间会比其他人要早，这就是基因-环境相互作用的一个例子。