反战车战，是指与装甲战斗车辆，尤其是战车作战的各种形式的总称。最常见的反战车系统包括具有高炮口初速或使用穿甲弹药的火炮、反战车导弹（例如线控制导导弹）、反战车地雷等等。

在反战车作战领域，有三个常用概念：机动力破坏、火力破坏和完全破坏。机动力破坏是指使战车丧失移动能力，例如破坏战车的履带，战车虽然无法移动，但其武器系统可能还能正常使用；火力破坏是指使战车部分或完全丧失开火能力；完全破坏则是指使战车彻底丧失继续战斗能力，例如彻底摧毁战车或使战车全体乘员失去继续战斗的能力。

Anti-tank warfare arose as a result of the need to develop technology and tactics to destroy tanks during the First World War. Since the first tanks were developed by the allies in 1916 but not principally used till 1917 the first anti-tank weapon was developed by Germany. It was a scaled-up bolt-action rifle designated the Mauser Tank-Gewehr Model 1918 that fired a 13mm cartridge with a solid bullet that could penetrate the thin armor of tanks of the time and destroy the engine or ricochet inside killing occupants. Because tanks represent an enemy's greatest force projection (aside from nuclear artillery and tank vs. tank engagements), anti-tank warfare has been incorporated into the doctrine of nearly every combat service since. The predominant anti-tank weapons at the start of the Second World War were the tank-mounted gun, limbered (towed) anti-tank guns and anti-tank grenades used by the infantry as well as ground-attack aircraft such as the Junkers Ju 87 Stuka.