食品辐照（Food irradiation），亦称“食品照射”或“电离辐射灭菌”，指将食物暴露在游离辐射（ionizing radiation）下。此过程可以灭除食物上的微生物、细菌、病毒或微小虫类。其他的应用还有抑制发芽、延缓果实成熟、促进果汁生产、和增进再水合（re-hydration）等。

此灭菌原理是以电磁波辐射的能量破坏生物体中的DNA结构，使得微生物无法再继续繁殖，同时也能造成植物胚芽停止生长分化。

Food irradiation is the process of exposing foodstuffs to ionizing radiation. Ionizing radiation is energy that can be transmitted without direct contact (radiation) capable of freeing electrons from their atomic bonds (ionization) in the targeted food. This treatment is used to preserve food, reduce the risk of food borne illness, prevent the spread of invasive pests, and delay or eliminate sprouting or ripening. Irradiated food does not become radioactive. The radiation can be emitted by a radioactive substance or generated electrically.