巴布亚省（印尼语：Provinsi Papua）位于西新几内亚，是印度尼西亚最东边的省份之一，包括新几内亚岛的西面部分和附近岛屿。在殖民地时代，巴布亚被称为荷属新畿内亚。由于该地以基督教信仰为主加上在文化上与印尼本土不同，导致当地一直存在分离活动，以谋求独立于印尼。该省与巴布亚新几内亚接壤。

巴布亚省旧名伊里安查亚省（Provinsi Irian Jaya），2002年开始改为现名；2003年印尼政府宣布在新几内亚岛最西端的多贝拉伊半岛一带增加一省，西巴布亚省因此升格至省的地位。

Papua Province (Indonesian:Provinsi Papua) is the largest and easternmost province of Indonesia. It lies in West Papua region, which comprises the Indonesian western half of the island of New Guinea and nearby islands. Papua is bordered by the nation of Papua New Guinea to the east, and by West Papua province to the west. Its capital is Jayapura. It was formerly called Irian Jaya (before that West Irian or Irian Barat) and comprised all of Indonesian New Guinea. In 2002 the current name was adopted and in 2003 West Papua province was created within West Papua region from western parts of Papua province.