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单词 Ionic radius
释义

Ionic radius

中文百科

离子半径

离子半径rion)是对晶格中离子的大小的一种量度。离子半径通常以皮米(pm)或埃(Å,1Å=100pm)作为单位,具体数值一般在30pm(0.3Å)到200pm(2Å)之间。

离子半径的概念是由Goldschmidt和Linus Pauling在20世纪20年代分别独立提出,以总结由当时的新技术——X射线晶体学所产生的数据。Pauling所提出的方法更有影响力。X射线晶体学可以迅速给出一个晶胞的各边长度,但这一技术在大多数情况下并不能够分别两个不同的离子。例如,我们可以通过X射线晶体学得知氯化钠晶体晶胞的边长是564.02 pm,这一距离便是一个钠离子与一个氯离子中心间距离的两倍:

英语百科

Ionic radius 离子半径

Relative sizes of atoms and ions. The neutral atoms are colored gray, cations red, and anions blue.
Front view of the unit cell of a LiI crystal, using Shannon's crystal data (Li+ = 90 pm; I− = 206 pm). The iodide ions nearly touch (but don't quite), indicating that Landé's assumption is fairly good.

Ionic radius, rion, is the radius of an atom's ion. Although neither atoms nor ions have sharp boundaries, they are sometimes treated as if they were hard spheres with radii such that the sum of ionic radii of the cation and anion gives the distance between the ions in a crystal lattice. Ionic radii are typically given in units of either picometers (pm) or angstroms (Å), with 1 Å = 100 pm. Typical values range from 30 pm (0.3 Å) to over 200 pm (2 Å).

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更新时间:2025/6/24 1:21:18