电化学梯度（英语：electrochemical gradient）离子跨膜运动而产生的电化学势能梯度，通常包括电位梯度和浓度梯度。The difference of electrochemical potentials can be interpreted as a type of potential energy available for work in a cell. The energy is stored in the form of chemical potential, which accounts for an ion's concentration gradient across a 细胞膜, and 电势能, which accounts for an ion's tendency to move under influence of the transmembrane potential.

An electrochemical gradient is a gradient of electrochemical potential, usually for an ion that can move across a membrane. The gradient consists of two parts, the electrical potential and a difference in the chemical concentration across a membrane. The ions move across the membrane to achieve the greatest amount of entropy in conformity with the second law of thermodynamics. The difference of electrochemical potentials can be interpreted as a type of potential energy available for work in a cell. The energy is stored in the form of chemical potential, which accounts for an ion's concentration gradient across a cell membrane, and electrostatic energy, which accounts for an ion's tendency to move under influence of the transmembrane potential.