Furthermore, it will be convenient to exclude 'frictional' unemployment from our definition of 'involuntary' unemployment.

此外，从我们对“非自愿” 失业的定义中排除“摩擦性” 失业会很方便。

The classical postulates do not admit of the possibility of the third category, which I shall define below as 'involuntary' unemployment.

经典假设不承认第三类的可能性， 我将在下面将其定义为“非自愿” 失业。

In the former case involuntary unemployment would be an easily remedied malady, though liable to be troublesome if it is allowed to develop.

在前一种情况下，非自愿失业将是一种容易治愈的疾病，但如果任其发展，则可能会带来麻烦。

We must now define the third category of unemployment, namely 'involuntary' unemployment in the strict sense, the possibility of which the classical theory does not admit.

我们现在必须定义第三类失业，即严格意义上的“非自愿”失业，经典理论不承认这种可能性。

But it is not capable of telling us what determines the actual level of employment; and on the problem of involuntary unemployment it has no direct bearing.

但它无法告诉我们是什么决定了实际的就业水平；对于非自愿失业问题，它没有直接影响。

We need to throw over the second postulate of the classical doctrine and to work out the behaviour of a system in which involuntary unemployment in the strict sense is possible.

我们需要抛开经典学说的第二个假设，并计算出一个系统的行为，在这个系统中，严格意义上的非自愿失业是可能的。

Nor should we regard as 'involuntary' unemployment the withdrawal of their labour by a body of workers because they do not choose to work for less than a certain real reward.

我们也不应将一群工人放弃他们的劳动视为“非自愿” 失业，因为他们不会选择低于某种实际报酬的工作。

It follows from this definition that the equality of the real wage to the marginal disutility of employment presupposed by the second postulate, realistically interpreted, corresponds to the absence of 'involuntary' unemployment.

从这个定义可以看出，实际工资等于第二个假设所预设的就业边际负效用，从现实的角度解释，对应于不存在“非自愿”失业。

Clearly we do not mean by 'involuntary' unemployment the mere existence of an unexhausted capacity to work. An eight-hour day does not constitute unemployment because it is not beyond human capacity to work ten hours.

显然，我们所说的“非自愿”失业并不是指仅存在未用尽的工作能力。一天工作 8 小时并不构成失业，因为工作 10 小时并没有超出人类的能力范围。

If Professor Pigou were to deny the possibility of involuntary unemployment in the sense in which I have defined it above, as, perhaps, he would, it is still difficult to see how his analysis could be applied.

如果庇古教授要否认我在上面定义的意义上的非自愿失业的可能性，就像他可能会做的那样，仍然很难看出他的分析如何应用。