人工晶体，（Intraocular lens, IOL）。是一种植入眼内的人工透镜，取代天然晶状体的作用。 第一枚人工晶体是由John Pike,John Holt和Hardold Ridley共同设计的，于1949年11月29日，Ridley医生在伦敦St.Thomas医院为病人植入了首枚人工晶体。

在二次大战中，科学家观察到某些受伤的飞行员眼中有玻璃碎片，却没有引起明显的、持续的炎症反应，于是想到玻璃或者一些高分子有机材料可以在眼内保持稳定，由此发明了人工晶体。

人工晶体的形态，通常是由一个圆形光学部和周边的支撑袢组成，光学部的直径一般在5.5-6mm左右，这是因为，在夜间或暗光下，人的瞳孔会放大，直径可以达到6mm左右，而过大的人工晶体在制造或者手术中都有一定的困难，因此主要生产厂商都使用5.5-6mm的光学部直径。支撑袢的作用是固定人工晶体，形态就很多了，基本的可以是两个C型的线装支撑袢。

Intraocular lens (IOL) is a lens implanted in the eye used to treat cataracts or myopia. The most common type of IOL is the pseudophakic IOL. These are implanted during cataract surgery, after the cloudy crystalline lens (otherwise known as a cataract) has been removed. The pseudophakic IOL replaces the original crystalline lens, and provides the light focusing function originally undertaken by the crystalline lens. The second type of IOL, more commonly known as a phakic intraocular lens (PIOL), is a lens which is placed over the existing natural lens, and is used in refractive surgery to change the eye's optical power as a treatment for myopia or nearsightedness. IOLs usually consist of a small plastic lens with plastic side struts, called haptics, to hold the lens in place within the capsular bag inside the eye. IOLs were traditionally made of an inflexible material (PMMA), although this has largely been superseded by the use of flexible materials. Most IOLs fitted today are fixed monofocal lenses matched to distance vision. However, other types are available, such as multifocal IOLs which provide the patient with multiple-focused vision at far and reading distance, and adaptive IOLs which provide the patient with limited visual accommodation.