进程间通信（IPC，Inter-Process Communication），指至少两个进程或线程间传送数据或信号的一些技术或方法。进程是计算机系统分配资源的最小单位(严格说来是线程)。每个进程都有自己的一部分独立的系统资源，彼此是隔离的。为了能使不同的进程互相访问资源并进行协调工作，才有了进程间通信。举一个典型的例子，使用进程间通信的两个应用可以被分类为客户端和服务器（见主从式架构），客户端进程请求数据，服务端回复客户端的数据请求。有一些应用本身既是服务器又是客户端，这在分布式计算中，时常可以见到。这些进程可以运行在同一计算机上或网络连接的不同计算机上。

In computer science, inter-process communication or interprocess communication (IPC) refers specifically to the mechanisms an operating system provides to allow processes it manages to share data. Typically, applications can use IPC categorized as clients and servers, where the client requests data and the server responds to client requests. Many applications are both clients and servers, as commonly seen in distributed computing. Methods for achieving IPC are divided into categories which vary based on software requirements, such as performance and modularity requirements, and system circumstances, such as network bandwidth and latency.