在信息技术领域，国际化与本地化（英文：internationalization and localization）是指修改软件使之能适应目标市场的语言、地区差异以及技术需要。

国际化是指在设计软件，将软件与特定语言及地区脱钩的过程。当软件被移植到不同的语言及地区时，软件本身不用做内部工程上的改变或修正。本地化则是指当移植软件时，加上与特定区域设置有关的信息和翻译文档的过程。

国际化和本地化之间的区别虽然微妙，但却很重要。国际化意味着产品有适用于任何地方的「潜力」；本地化则是为了更适合于「特定」地方的使用，而另外增添的特色。用一项产品来说，国际化只需做一次，但本地化则要针对不同的区域各做一次。这两者之间是互补的，并且两者合起来才能让一个系统适用于各地。

In computing, internationalization and localization are means of adapting computer software to different languages, regional differences and technical requirements of a target market (locale). Internationalization is the process of designing a software application so that it can potentially be adapted to various languages and regions without engineering changes. Localization is the process of adapting internationalized software for a specific region or language by adding locale-specific components and translating text. Localization (which is potentially performed multiple times, for different locales) uses the infrastructure or flexibility provided by internationalization (which is ideally performed only once, or as an integral part of ongoing development).