干涉（interference）在物理学中，指的是两列或两列以上的波在空间中重叠时发生叠加，从而形成新波形的现象。

例如采用分束器将一束单色光束分成两束后，再让它们在空间中的某个区域内重叠，将会发现在重叠区域内的光强并不是均匀分布的：其明暗程度随其在空间中位置的不同而变化，最亮的地方超过了原先两束光的光强之和，而最暗的地方光强有可能为零，这种光强的重新分布被称作“干涉条纹”。在历史上，干涉现象及其相关实验是证明光的波动性的重要依据，但光的这种干涉性质直到十九世纪初才逐渐被人们发现，主要原因是相干光源的不易获得。

In physics, interference is a phenomenon in which two waves superpose to form a resultant wave of greater, lower, or the same amplitude. Interference usually refers to the interaction of waves that are correlated or coherent with each other, either because they come from the same source or because they have the same or nearly the same frequency. Interference effects can be observed with all types of waves, for example, light, radio, acoustic, surface water waves or matter waves.