Well, I...how familiar are you with miniaturized integrated logic circuits?

这个嘛...你对小型集成逻辑电路熟悉吗？

To manufacture these integrated circuits, the transistors are built up layer by layer, on a pure crystalline silicon wafer.

为了制造这些集成电路，晶体管需要在纯晶体硅片上一层一层地组装起来。

And things like integrated circuits ultimately go bad.

像集成电路这样的东西最终会变坏。

It consists of an integrated circuit with wireless communication capabilities, a digital sensor.

约翰：它由一个具有无线通信功能的集成电路、一个数字传感器组成。

The transistor used to be a big, bulky device, until the invent of the integrated circuit based on pure crystalline silicon wafers.

过去晶体管是一种又大又笨重的器件，直到基于纯晶硅晶片的集成电路的发明后才慢慢改变。

So NASA turned to a brand-new technology, integrated circuits, which we discussed a few episodes ago.

所以 NASA 转向了一项全新的技术，集成电路，我们在几集之前讨论过。

By using integrated circuits these could be made small and cheap.

通过使用集成电路，它们可以变得更小、更便宜。

Although the Apollo guidance computer is credited with spurring the development and adoption of integrated circuits.

尽管阿波罗制导计算机被认为刺激了集成电路的开发和采用。

Even though the underlying storage medium might be a strip of tape, a drum, a disk, or integrated circuits...

即使底层存储介质可能是磁带、鼓、磁盘或集成电路. . .. . .

Chen adds that China is now raising funds to establish a foundation that will boost the development of the country's integrated circuit industry.

陈因补充说，中国正在筹集资金以推动集成电路行业进一步发展。

So while we're on the subject of metals, we're going to need to use metals for things like integrated circuits.

因此， 当我们谈到金属时，我们将需要将金属用于集成电路之类的东西。

This era of integrated circuits, especially microprocessors, ushered in the third generation of computing.

这个集成电路时代，尤其是微处理器时代，迎来了第三代计算。

This is exactly why Silicon Valley is in Silicon Valley is because Nasa was buying the early prototypes of integrated circuits.

这正是硅谷之于硅谷的原因， 因为美国宇航局正在购买集成电路的早期原型。

The first RAM integrated circuits became available in 1972 at 1 cent per bit, quickly making magnetic core memory obsolete.

第一个 RAM 集成电路于 1972 年以每位 1 美分的价格面世，很快就使磁芯存储器过时了。

In microelectronics, they use something called lithography to do the same sort of thing, to make the transistors and integrated circuits and build up a structure several times.

在微电子学中，人们使用相同原理的光刻技术，来制造晶体管和集成电路，反复构建一个结构。

We can also use a wafer as a base to lay down complex metal circuits, so everything is integrated, perfect for... integrated circuits!

我们还可以使用晶圆作为基础来铺设复杂的金属电路， 所以一切都是集成的，非常适合… … 集成电路！

But the ability to self-assemble these structures only takes us half of the way, because we still need to position these structures where we want the transistors in the integrated circuit.

但是自组装这些结构的能力只帮助我们完成了一半的工作，因为我们仍然需要把这些结构定位在集成电路中晶体管的位置。

This server drove down the cost of integrated circuits and led to the development and widespread use of microprocessors, like the intel 4004 we've discussed previously.

该服务器降低了集成电路的成本，并促进了微处理器的开发和广泛使用，例如我们之前讨论过的 intel 4004。

Advances in integrated circuits also offered low-cost solid-state memory, both for computer RAM and ROM. Suddenly it was possible to have an entire computer on one circuit board, dramatically reducing manufacturing costs.

集成电路的进步还提供了用于计算机 RAM 和 ROM 的低成本固态存储器。突然之间，可以在一块电路板上安装整台计算机，从而显着降低制造成本。

According to the document, China will strengthen its support of 6G research and development, enhance innovation in strategic fields such as integrated circuits and artificial intelligence, and facilitate the development of new business modes.

《规划》提出，要加大6G技术研发支持力度，增强集成电路、人工智能等关键技术创新能力，加快培育新业态新模式。