The research can appear persuasive, but it is in its infancy and suffers from replication failure. Critics say the field is highly speculative; that the behaviours can be explained through innate reflexes.

这项研究看起来很有说服力，但它还处于起步阶段，而且常常复证失败。批评人士说，这个领域是高度推测的；这种行为可以通过先天反射来解释。