While the Far West was developing this vigorous, aggressive leadership in business, a considerable industrial population was springing up.

在远西地区发展这种充满活力、积极进取的商业领导地位的同时，大量的工业人口也如雨后春笋般涌现。

Short railway lines were consolidated into national systems. The industrial population of wage-earners rose into the tens of millions.

短铁路线被整合到国家系统中。工薪阶层的工业人口上升到数千万。

Outstanding among them was the growth of an industrial population, detached from the land, concentrated in cities, and, to use Jefferson's phrase, dependent upon " the caprices and casualties of trade" for a livelihood.

其中最突出的是工业人口的增长， 他们远离土地，集中在城市， 用杰斐逊的话来说，就是依靠“贸易的反复无常和伤亡” 为生。