产业组织（英语：industrial organization）理论，研究市场在不完全竞争条件下的企业行为和市场构造，是个体经济学中的一个重要分支。

现代产业组织理论相当程度上依靠赛局理论，并主要包括以下几个方面：

市场的构造和组织

• 市场形式-完全竞争、独占性竞争、独占、寡占、产品的异质化；
• 产业集中度、并购、进入障碍；

技术和市场构造

• 研究开发（研发）、兼容性、标准

营销

• 广告、产品质量、耐久期间、保障
• 定价战术、市场战术
• 价格差异化

信息的作用

• 政府补贴、政府管制、搜寻理论

In economics, industrial organization is a field that builds on the theory of the firm by examining the structure of (and, therefore, the boundaries between) firms and markets. Industrial organization adds real-world complications to the perfectly competitive model, complications such as transaction costs, limited information, and barriers to entry of new firms that may be associated with imperfect competition. It analyzes determinants of firm and market organization and behavior as between competition and monopoly, including from government actions.