Human progress has always come from individual and local initiatives, freely devised and then freely adapted elsewhere.

人类的 进步总是来自于个人和局部的首创精神；这些首创精神是被自由地创造出来，然后经过自由发挥，适用于其他地方。

Many companies are starting to move from informal mentoring that relies on individual initiative to more formal programs.

许多公司已开始从个人自发的非正式指导关系转向更正式的合作。

He says that bartering reflects or shows individual initiative.

他说，以物易物反映或显示了个人的主动性。

Hagel says we have designed jobs in the U. S. that tend to be " tightly scripted" and " highly standardized" ones that leave no room for " individual initiative or creativity" .

Hagel 说，我们在美国的工作往往是" 严格按照脚本编写" 和" 高度标准化" 的，没有给" 个人主动性或创造力" 留下空间。