抗胆碱剂（英语：anticholinergic agent）是一种在中央神经系统与周围神经系统，阻断神经递质乙酰胆碱的物质。抗胆碱剂经由选择性阻断乙酰胆碱神经递质链接其神经细胞的受体，抑制副交感神经的冲动。副交感神经系统的神经纤维负责存在于消化系统、泌尿系统与肺等平滑肌的不随意运动。抗胆碱剂根据在中央神经系统或周围神经系统特定目标，分成三种类别：蕈毒碱拮抗剂、神经节阻断剂与神经肌肉阻断剂。

An anticholinergic agent is a substance that blocks the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the central and the peripheral nervous system. Anticholinergics inhibit parasympathetic nerve impulses by selectively blocking the binding of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine to its receptor in nerve cells. The nerve fibers of the parasympathetic system are responsible for the involuntary movement of smooth muscles present in the gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, lungs, etc. Anticholinergics are divided into three categories in accordance with their specific targets in the central and/or peripheral nervous system: antimuscarinic agents, ganglionic blockers, and neuromuscular blockers.