Indicator bacteria

Enterococci colonies growing on a selective agar after membrane filtration.

The New River as it enters California is dark green, white (foam), and milky brown/green. Fecal coliforms and fecal streptococci have been consistently detected in the New River at the Mexico-US border.

Indicator bacteria are types of bacteria used to detect and estimate the level of fecal contamination of water. They are not dangerous to human health but are used to indicate the presence of a health risk.

Each gram of human feces contains approximately ~100 billion (7011100000000000000♠1×10) bacteria. These bacteria may include species of pathogenic bacteria, such as Salmonella or Campylobacter, associated with gastroenteritis. In addition, feces may contain pathogenic viruses, protozoa and parasites. Fecal material can enter the environment from many sources including waste water treatment plants, livestock or poultry manure, sanitary landfills, septic systems, sewage sludge, pets and wildlife. If sufficient quantities are ingested, fecal pathogens can cause disease. The variety and often low concentrations of pathogens in environmental waters makes them difficult to test for individually. Public agencies therefore use the presence of other more abundant and more easily detected fecal bacteria as indicators of the presence of fecal contamination.

单词	Indicator bacteria
释义	Indicator bacteria 原声例句科学60秒-科学美国人 2021年8月合集 Rosenbaum: So we took all the droplets that had growth in it, and then we added an indicator bacterium that has a light label, a fluorescent label. 罗森鲍姆：所以我们取出了所有在其中生长的液滴，然后我们添加了一种指示细菌，它有一个光标签，一个荧光标签。科学60秒-科学美国人 2021年8月合集 If these indicator bacteria are able to grow when they are added to the droplet, then we get a light signal—a green or red signal of this droplet. 如果这些指示细菌在被添加到液滴中时能够生长，那么我们就会得到一个光信号——这个液滴的绿色或红色信号。科学60秒-科学美国人 2021年8月合集 But a dark droplet—so one without any light coming from it—means if the wild bacteria is killing the indicator bacteria stopping it from growing and stopping it from producing the light. 但是黑色的液滴——也就是没有任何光的液滴——意味着如果野生细菌正在杀死指示细菌，就会阻止它生长并阻止它产生光。英语百科 Indicator bacteria Indicator bacteria are types of bacteria used to detect and estimate the level of fecal contamination of water. They are not dangerous to human health but are used to indicate the presence of a health risk. Each gram of human feces contains approximately ~100 billion (7011100000000000000♠1×10) bacteria. These bacteria may include species of pathogenic bacteria, such as Salmonella or Campylobacter, associated with gastroenteritis. In addition, feces may contain pathogenic viruses, protozoa and parasites. Fecal material can enter the environment from many sources including waste water treatment plants, livestock or poultry manure, sanitary landfills, septic systems, sewage sludge, pets and wildlife. If sufficient quantities are ingested, fecal pathogens can cause disease. The variety and often low concentrations of pathogens in environmental waters makes them difficult to test for individually. Public agencies therefore use the presence of other more abundant and more easily detected fecal bacteria as indicators of the presence of fecal contamination.
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