印度民族起义，英、法、德语等学界通称印度叛乱（英语：Indian Rebellion）或印度哗变（Indian Mutiny）或印度土兵兵变（Sepoy Mutiny），印度民间通称「大叛乱」（The Great Rebellion），指1857－1858年不列颠东印度公司服役的印度土兵（Sepoy）的哗变，起因在学界众说纷纭，直接导火线是信奉伊斯兰教的土兵里盛传有关猪油的谣言，演变成反抗东印度公司对印度土兵和正规英兵施予差别待遇。东印度公司与21个土邦联手讨伐哗变军队，最终虽被剿除，惟公司管理印度的商业、军事体制亦因而被废，印度自此置于大英帝国内阁印度事务大臣直属，称英属印度，英女王维多利亚兼任“印度女皇”，早已名存实亡的莫卧儿帝国正式覆灭。

The Indian Rebellion of 1857 refers to a rebellion in India against the rule of the British East India Company, that ran from May 1857 to June 1858. The rebellion began as a mutiny of sepoys of the East India Company's army on 10 May 1857, in the cantonment of the town of Meerut, and soon escalated into other mutinies and civilian rebellions largely in the upper Gangetic plain and central India, with the major hostilities confined to present-day Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, northern Madhya Pradesh, and the Delhi region. The rebellion posed a considerable threat to East India Company power in that region, and was contained only with the fall of Gwalior on 20 June 1858. The rebellion has been known by many names, including the Indian Mutiny, India's First War of Independence, the Great Rebellion, the Indian Rebellion, the Revolt of 1857, the Rebellion of 1857, the Uprising of 1857, the Sepoy Rebellion, the Indian Insurrection and the Sepoy Mutiny.