印度文学（英语：Indian literature）指1947年之前创作于印度次大陆和印度共和国创建之后的文学。印度共和国共有22中通用语言。
古印度文学的时间划分目前仍存在争议。欧洲学者认为18世纪之前的印度文学属于古印度文学，而印度学者却认为这样划分过于僵化。印度文学最早是口述文学。梵语文学产生于公元前1500-1200年，标志是《梨俱吠陀》被整理成了一部宗教诗集。梵语史诗《罗摩衍那》和《摩诃婆罗多》产生于公元前5-4世纪内，这与泰米尔语文学和巴利语文学一样。9-11世纪，卡纳达语文学和泰卢固语文学开始兴盛。随后，马拉提语文学、孟加拉语文学也相继发展起来。1913年，孟加拉语诗人罗宾德拉纳特·泰戈尔成为首位获诺贝尔文学奖的印度人。当代印度文学主要有两个奖项Sahitya Akademi Fellowship和Jnanpith Award。

Indian literature refers to the literature produced on the Indian subcontinent until 1947 and in the Republic of India thereafter. The Republic of India has 22 officially recognized languages.

All dates about the ancient Indian literature are not only uncertain, but are contested. European scholars from the 18th century onwards estimated dates of various texts based on methods that Indian scholars consider arbitrary. The earliest works of Indian literature were orally transmitted. Sanskrit literature begins with the oral literature of the Rig Veda a collection of sacred hymns dating to the period 1500–1200 BCE. The Sanskrit epics Ramayana and Mahabharata appeared towards the end of the first millennium BCE. Classical Sanskrit literature developed rapidly during the first few centuries of the first millennium BCE, as did the Tamil Sangam literature, and the Pāli Canon. In the medieval period, literature in Kannada and Telugu appeared in the 9th and 11th centuries respectively. Later, literature in Marathi, Odia, Bengali, various dialects of Hindi, Persian and Urdu began to appear as well. Early in the 20th century, Bengali poet Rabindranath Tagore became India's first Nobel laureate. In contemporary Indian literature, there are two major literary awards; these are the Sahitya Akademi Fellowship and the Jnanpith Award. Eight Jnanpith Awards each have been awarded in Hindi and Kannada, followed by five in Bengali and Malayalam, four in Odia, three in Gujarati, Marathi, Telugu and Urdu, two each in Assamese and Tamil, and one in Sanskrit.