利润表（GAAP旧制：英语：Income Statement，IFRS制：英语：Statement of Comprehensive Income），或称购销损益帐（Trading and Profit and Loss Account），为会计重要财务报表之一（其余为资产负债表、现金流量表、股东权益变动表）。主要计算及显示公司的盈利状况。合伙经营和有限公司的利润表中会在计算公司净盈利后加入分配帐（appropriation account），以显示公司如何分发盈利。

利润表的项目，按利润构成和利润分配分为两个部分。利润构成部分先列示销售收入，然后减去销售成本得出销售利润；再减去各种费用后得出营业利润(或亏损)；再加减营业外收入和营业外支出后，即为利润(亏损)总额。利润分配部分先将利润总额减去应交所得税后得出税后利润；其下即为按分配方案提取的公积金和应付利润；如有余额，即为未分配利润。损益表中的利润分配部分如单独划出列示，则为“利润分配表”。

An income statement (US English) or profit and loss account (UK English) (also referred to as a profit and loss statement (P&L), statement of profit or loss, revenue statement, statement of financial performance, earnings statement, operating statement, or statement of operations) is one of the financial statements of a company and shows the company’s revenues and expenses during a particular period. It indicates how the revenues (money received from the sale of products and services before expenses are taken out, also known as the “top line”) are transformed into the net income (the result after all revenues and expenses have been accounted for, also known as “net profit” or the “bottom line”). It displays the revenues recognized for a specific period, and the cost and expenses charged against these revenues, including write-offs (e.g., depreciation and amortization of various assets) and taxes. The purpose of the income statement is to show managers and investors whether the company made or lost money during the period being reported.