在粒子物理学里，反物质（英语：antimatter）是反粒子概念的延伸，反物质是由反粒子构成的，如同普通物质是由普通粒子所构成的。例如一颗反质子和一颗反电子〈正电子〉能形成一个反氢原子，如同电子和质子形成一般物质的氢原子。此外，物质与反物质的结合，会如同粒子与反粒子结合一般，导致两者湮灭，且因而释放出高能光子（伽玛射线）或是其他能量较低的正反粒子对。正反物质湮灭所造成的粒子，赋予的动能等同于原始正反物质对的动能，加上原物质静止质量与生成粒子静质量的差，后者通常占大部分。（爱因斯坦相对论指出，质量与能量是等价的。）

In particle physics, antimatter is a material composed of antiparticles, which have the same mass as particles of ordinary matter but opposite charges, as well as other particle properties such as lepton and baryon numbers. Collisions between particles and antiparticles lead to the annihilation of both, giving rise to variable proportions of intense photons (gamma rays), neutrinos, and less massive particle–antiparticle pairs. The total consequence of annihilation is a release of energy available for work, proportional to the total matter and antimatter mass, in accord with the mass–energy equivalence equation, E = mc.