Obesity, for example, is rare in a state of nature.

例如肥胖症在极少数情况下是天生的。

Now, let us apply these two principles to species in a state of nature.

现在，让我们将这两个原则应用于自然状态下的物种。

In a state of nature almost every full-grown plant annually produces seed, and among animals there are very few which do not annually pair.

在自然状态下， 几乎每一种成熟的植物每年都会产生种子， 而在动物中， 很少有不每年配对的。

We shall, perhaps, best understand how instincts in a state of nature have become modified by selection by considering a few cases.

或许， 我们将通过考虑一些案例， 最好地理解自然状态下的本能是如何被选择所改变的。

That the mental qualities of animals of the same kind, born in a state of nature, vary much, could be shown by many facts.

许多事实可以证明， 在自然状态下出生的同类动物的心理素质差异很大。

Excluding such cases of abrupt variations, the few which remain would at best constitute, if found in a state of nature, doubtful species, closely related to their parental types.

排除这种突然变异的情况，如果在自然状态下发现， 剩下的少数最多只能构成与它们的亲本类型密切相关的可疑物种。

It is not to be supposed that species in a state of nature ever change so quickly as domestic animals under the guidance of methodical selection.

在有条不紊的选择指导下， 自然状态下的物种不会像家养动物那样迅速变化。

The possibility, or even probability, of inherited variations of instinct in a state of nature will be strengthened by briefly considering a few cases under domestication.

通过简要考虑几个驯化案例， 自然状态下本能遗传变异的可能性， 甚至概率将得到加强。

With species in a state of nature it can hardly be maintained that the law is of universal application; but many good observers, more especially botanists, believe in its truth.

对于处于自然状态的物种， 很难说法律是普遍适用的；但许多优秀的观察家， 尤其是植物学家， 相信它的真实性。

Before applying the principles arrived at in the last chapter to organic beings in a state of nature, we must briefly discuss whether these latter are subject to any variation.

在将上一章得出的原则应用于自然状态下的有机物之前，我们必须简要讨论一下后者是否会发生任何变异。

It may be doubted whether sudden and considerable deviations of structure, such as we occasionally see in our domestic productions, more especially with plants, are ever permanently propagated in a state of nature.

可能会怀疑结构的突然和相当大的偏差，例如我们偶尔在我们的家养产品中看到的，尤其是植物， 是否会在自然状态下永久传播。

If monstrous forms of this kind ever do appear in a state of nature and are capable of reproduction (which is not always the case), as they occur rarely and singly, their preservation would depend on unusually favourable circumstances.

如果这种怪异的形式确实出现在自然状态下并且能够繁殖（情况并非总是如此），因为它们很少且单独出现， 它们的保存将取决于异常有利的环境。

I have been struck with the fact that if any animal or plant in a state of nature be highly useful to man, or from any cause closely attracts his attention, varieties of it will almost universally be found recorded.

令我震惊的是， 如果自然状态下的任何动物或植物对人类非常有用，或者出于任何原因密切吸引了人类的注意， 那么几乎普遍会发现它的变种。

I will then pass on to the variability of species in a state of nature; but I shall, unfortunately, be compelled to treat this subject far too briefly, as it can be treated properly only by giving long catalogues of facts.

然后我将继续讨论自然状态下物种的变异性；但不幸的是， 我将不得不过于简短地处理这个主题， 因为只有给出长长的事实目录才能恰当地处理它。

I saw, also, that the preservation in a state of nature of any occasional deviation of structure, such as a monstrosity, would be a rare event; and that, if at first preserved, it would generally be lost by subsequent intercrossing with ordinary individuals.

我还看到，在自然状态下保存任何偶然的结构偏差， 如怪物，将是罕见的事件；而且，如果一开始被保存下来， 它通常会在随后与普通个体的杂交中丢失。