抗体，又称免疫球蛋白（immunoglobulin，简称Ig），是一种主要由浆细胞分泌，被免疫系统用来鉴别与中和外来物质如细菌、病毒等病原体的大型Y形蛋白质，仅被发现存在于脊椎动物的血液等体液中，及其B细胞的细胞膜表面。抗体能通过其可变区唯一识别特定外来物的一个独特特征，该外来目标被称为抗原。蛋白上Y形的其中两个分叉顶端都有一被称为互补位（抗原结合位）的锁状结构，该结构仅针对一种特定的抗原表位。这就像一把钥匙只能开一把锁一般，使得一种抗体仅能和其中一种抗原相结合。 抗体和抗原的结合完全依靠非共价键的相互作用，这些非共价键的相互作用包括氢键、范德华力、电荷作用和疏水作用。这些相互作用可以发生在侧链或者多肽主干之间。正因这种特异性的结合机制，抗体可以“标记”外来微生物以及受感染的细胞，以诱导其他免疫机制对其进行攻击，又或直接中和其目标，例如通过与入侵和生存至关重要的部分相结合而阻断微生物的感染能力等。针对不同的抗原，抗体的结合可能阻断致病的生化过程，或者召唤巨噬细胞消灭外来物质。而抗体能够与免疫系统的其它部分交互的能力，是通过其Fc区底部所保留的一个糖基化座实现的 。体液免疫系统的主要功能便是制造抗体。抗体也可以与血清中的补体一起直接破坏外来目标。

An antibody (Ab), also known as an immunoglobulin (Ig), is a large, Y-shaped protein produced mainly by plasma cells that is used by the immune system to identify and neutralize pathogens such as bacteria and viruses. The antibody recognizes a unique molecule of the harmful agent, called an antigen, via the variable region. Each tip of the "Y" of an antibody contains a paratope (analogous to a lock) that is specific for one particular epitope (similarly analogous to a key) on an antigen, allowing these two structures to bind together with precision. Using this binding mechanism, an antibody can tag a microbe or an infected cell for attack by other parts of the immune system, or can neutralize its target directly (for example, by blocking a part of a microbe that is essential for its invasion and survival). Depending on the antigen, the binding may impede the biological process causing the disease or may recruit macrophages to destroy the foreign substance. The ability of an antibody to communicate with the other components of the immune system is mediated via its Fc region (located at the base of the "Y"), which contains a conserved glycosylation site involved in these interactions. The production of antibodies is the main function of the humoral immune system.