路易·皮埃尔·阿尔都塞（法语：Louis Pierre Althusser，1918年10月16日－1990年10月23日）另译阿图色，马克思主义哲学家。出生于阿尔及利亚。

阿尔都塞1937年进入里昂知名中学Lycée du Parc读书，课业表现十分优异，并于毕业后被最高学府巴黎高等师范学院录取。然而随着第二次世界大战的爆发，阿尔都塞成为德国的战俘。在战俘营中，他广泛而深入地认识了**主义。1945年重返巴黎高等师范学院，在哲学家巴歇拉尔指导下研究哲学。1948年获哲学博士学位，留校从教，并于同年加入法国***。1962年升为教授，1975年通过答辩，又被庇卡底大学授予文学博士学位。1980年患精神病，退休疗养。

Louis Pierre Althusser (French: [altysɛʁ]; 16 October 1918 – 22 October 1990) was a French Marxist philosopher. He was born in Algeria and studied at the École Normale Supérieure in Paris, where he eventually became Professor of Philosophy.

Althusser was a longtime member—although sometimes a strong critic—of the French Communist Party. His arguments and theses were set against the threats that he saw attacking the theoretical foundations of Marxism. These included both the influence of empiricism on Marxist theory, and humanist and reformist socialist orientations which manifested as divisions in the European communist parties, as well as the problem of the "cult of personality" and of ideology.