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单词 Identification map
释义

Identification map

中文百科

等价类 Equivalence class

(重定向自Identification map)

在数学中,假设在一个集合X上定义一个等价关系(用 \sim来表示),则X中的某个元素a等价类就是在X中等价于a的所有元素所形成的子集:

等价类的概念有助于从已经构造了的集合构造新集合。在X中的给定等价关系 \sim的所有等价类的集合表示为X/ \sim并叫做X除以 \sim商集。这种运算可以(实际上非常不正式的)被认为是输入集合除以等价关系的活动,所以名字“商”和这种记法都是模仿的除法。商集类似于除法的一个方面是,如果X是有限的并且等价类都是等势的,则X/ \sim的序是X的序除以一个等价类的序的商。商集被认为是带有所有等价点都识别出来的集合X

对于任何等价关系,都有从XX/ \sim的一个规范投影映射π,给出为π(x) = [x]。这个映射总是满射的。在X有某种额外结构的情况下,考虑保持这个结构的等价关系,接着称这个结构是良好定义的,而商集在自然方式下继承了这个结构而成为同一个范畴的对象;从a到[a]的映射则是在这个范畴内的满态射。参见同余关系。

英语百科

Equivalence class 等价类

(重定向自Identification map)
Congruence is an example of an equivalence relation.  The leftmost two triangles are congruent, while the third and fourth triangles are not congruent to any other triangle shown here. Thus, the first two triangles are in the same equivalence class, while the third and fourth triangles are each in their own equivalence class.

In mathematics, when a set has an equivalence relation defined on its elements, there is a natural grouping of elements that are related to one another, forming what are called equivalence classes. Notationally, given a set X and an equivalence relation ~ on X, the equivalence class of an element a in X is the subset of all elements in X which are equivalent to a. It follows from the definition of the equivalence relations that the equivalence classes form a partition of X. The set of equivalence classes is sometimes called the quotient set or the quotient space of X by ~ and is denoted by X / ~.

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更新时间:2025/6/18 5:06:51