氢氧离子，化学符号为OH。其中氢和氧之间以共价键连接，整体带一单位的负电荷。常常与不同的元素组成氢氧化物。

一个氧原子和一个氢原子以共价键结合之后，通常以两种方式与其他物质结合。其一，以共价键与碳、硅等非金属结合。其二，夺取其他物质的一个电子，形成一个负电荷，然后以离子键与该物质的阳离子结合，根据无机化学命名法，以共价键与其他物质结合者称之为“基”，以离子键与其他物质结合者称为“根”，故前者命名为羟基，后者则称为氢氧根。

Hydroxide is a diatomic anion with chemical formula OH. It consists of an oxygen and hydrogen atom held together by a covalent bond, and carries a negative electric charge. It is an important but usually minor constituent of water. It functions as a base, a ligand, a nucleophile and a catalyst. The hydroxide ion forms salts, some of which dissociate in aqueous solution, liberating solvated hydroxide ions. Sodium hydroxide is a multi-million-ton per annum commodity chemical. A hydroxide attached to a strongly electropositive center may itself ionize, liberating a hydrogen cation (H), making the parent compound an acid.