People in hunting and gathering societies spend almost all their time trying to make sure they have enough food.

狩猎和采集社会中的人们几乎把所有的时间都花在确保他们有足够的食物上。

He argued that hunting and gathering societies were held together by similarity, what he called mechanical solidarity.

他认为狩猎和采集社会是由相似性组成的，他称之为机械团结。

In hunting and gathering societies, for example, conflict and inequality are leveled by the lack of surplus and the need to share resources.

例如，在狩猎和采集社会中，冲突和不平等因缺乏剩余资源和共享资源的需要而加剧。

If you look back to early human history, say about 30-40 thousand years ago, you find a lot of what Lenski called hunting and gathering societies.

如果你回顾早期人类历史，比如大约 30-40 万年前，你会发现很多 Lenski 所说的狩猎和采集社会。

For the vast majority of human history, every single person lived in hunting and gathering societies, up until about 12,000 years ago, when the domestication of plants and animals led to new kinds of society: horticultural and pastoral societies.

在人类历史的绝大部分时间里， 每个人都生活在狩猎和采集社会中，直到大约 12,000 年前， 植物和动物的驯化导致了新型社会：园艺和畜牧社会。