To accomplish this task, viruses have evolved specific interactions with their host species.

要完成这项任务，病毒进化出与宿主物种的特定互动。

Most scientists now say the virus originated in wildlife, with bats and pangolins identified as possible host species.

目前，大部分科学家认为新冠病毒源自野生动物，蝙蝠和穿山甲被认为是最可能的宿主。

Altogether, host species show a remarkable variety of responses.

总而言之，宿主物种表现出多种多样的反应。

The host species may evolve to become resistant to the parasite.

宿主物种可能进化成对寄生虫有抵抗力。

But some make the virus better suited for certain environments— like a new host species.

但有些让病毒更适合某些环境——比如新的宿主物种。

Marine biologists think the oceans might host more than 2m species of marine animals, of which they have so far catalogued perhaps a tenth.

海洋生物学家认为，海洋中可能生活着超过200万种海洋动物，到目前为止，他们只对其中的十分之一进行了分类。

" The main reason recent pathogen jumps can be so harmful is because the population of host species has no pre-existing immunity to the new disease, " he added.

“最近病原体传播如此有害的主要原因是宿主物种种群对这种新疾病没有既往免疫，”他补充说。

" But before the virus enters a different species, it must either have the biological toolkit, or acquire host-specific adaptations to enter the cells of the new host species and exploit their resources, " Tan added.

“但在进入不同物种之前，病毒必须要么拥有生物装备，要么获得宿主特异性的适应力，才能进入新宿主物种的细胞并利用其资源，”谭补充道。

Another finding, the reefs host six times more species and bare mud flats as the piles of shells provide shelter for worms and small crabs, attracting a variety of animals including birds like this little egret.

另一项发现是，礁脉上的物种数量增加到了原来的六倍，裸露泥滩上成堆的贝壳为蠕虫和小螃蟹提供了庇护所，吸引了各种各样的动物，包括白鹭这样的鸟类。