Like any virus, they insert their genes into a host cell, and the host cell follows those genetic instructions.

像任何病毒一样，它们将基因插入宿主细胞，宿主细胞遵循这些遗传指令。

This DNA is then integrated into the host cell's genome.

这个DNA便和宿主细胞的基因组结合为一体。

These then leave the host cell and mature, ultimately seeking more T-cells.

病毒接着离开宿主并且发育成熟，最终寻找更多的T细胞。

An organelle whose main job is to create ATP for its host cell.

一种细胞器，其主要工作是为宿主细胞产生三磷酸腺苷。

This attachment allows for rhinovirus to be eaten, or endocytosed, into the host cell.

这种附着允许鼻病毒被吞食或内吞进入宿主细胞。

And this is where the editing magic happens using the host cell's own DNA repair mechanisms.

这时利用宿主细胞自身的DNA修复机制，魔法编辑就此开始。

To do this, the normal donor DNA would need to be delivered to the host cell.

为了做到这一点，正常的供体DNA需要被运送到宿主细胞内。

Viruses are a hundred times smaller, but they have to move into a host cell to survive.

病毒体积小上百倍，但它们必须进入宿主细胞才能存活。

In the cytoplasm, the host cell ribosomes take over viral protein production, helping the virus replicate.

在细胞质中，宿主细胞核糖体接管病毒蛋白的生产，帮助病毒复制。

This means that their RNA is actually mRNA, which the host cell ribosomes use to make viral proteins.

这意味着它们的RNA实际上是宿主细胞核糖体用来制造病毒蛋白的mRNA。

The host cell's job became to ensure survival in the dangerous world, and provide the mitochondria with food.

宿主细胞的任务是确保在危险世界中的生存，并为线粒体提供食物。

The most commonly prescribed ones prevent the viral genome from being copied and incorporated into a host cell's DNA.

最常用的那些临床药物可以阻止病毒的基因复制并合并入宿主细胞DNA。

“H7” and “N9” refer to particular types of two proteins, haemagglutinin and neuraminidase, that help influenza viruses invade host cells.

“H7”和“N9”是指两种蛋白质，血凝素和神经氨酸苷酶，这两种成分使得流感病毒可以入侵宿主身体细胞。

On the capsule, there are pili, which are hair-like extensions that help the bacteria attach to host cells.

荚膜上还有起黏附作用的菌毛。

Some viruses come equipped to easily infect a new host's cells, but are then unable to evade an immune response.

有些病毒可以轻易感染新宿主细胞，但是无法逃避免疫反应。

Once inside a cell, the virus employs additional adaptations to hijack the host cell's reproductive machinery and replicate its own genetic material.

一旦进入细胞，病毒就会采用其他适应措施来劫持宿主细胞的分裂机制，并复制自己的基因物质。

The ability of HSPs to protect host cells and enhance immune activity can limit the pathogen's path of destruction inside of the body.

HSPs 保护宿主细胞和增强免疫活性的能力可以限制病原体在人体内造成的破坏。

Now, west nile virus enters host cells using a lipid membrane protein called E2 in a process called clathrin-mediated endocytosis.

西尼罗河病毒利用脂质双分子层上的包膜蛋白（E）通过网格蛋白介导的内吞作用进入宿主细胞。

The flu spreads by turning a host's own cells into viral production factories.

流感通过将宿主自身的细胞转变为病毒生产工厂来传播。

Some virions have a phospholipid membrane derived from the host cell called an envelope, which surrounds the nucleocapsid.

有些病毒粒子具有来源于宿主细胞的磷脂膜，称为囊膜；囊膜包绕着核衣壳。