By the end of the 12th century, they had become holy days of obligation across Europe and involved such traditions as ringing church bells for the souls in purgatory.

到 12 世纪末，它们已成为整个欧洲的义务圣日， 并涉及为炼狱中的灵魂敲响教堂钟声等传统。

Not counting Holy Week, Sundays, holy days of obligation, first Fridays, retreats, sacrifices, and cyclical impediments, her effective year was reduced to forty-two days that were spread out through a web of purple crosses.

不计算圣周、星期日、义务圣日、第一个星期五、静修、牺牲和周期性障碍，她的有效年减少到四十二天， 这些天通过紫色十字架的网展开。