地理学历史是指地理学这门学科发展的历史。地理在不同文化和地区有着不同的含义以及发展方向，直到近现代才得到统一。因此地理学史需根据文化地区的不同来分别描述。

现在有文献可确认的地理学的发祥地是在古代希腊。地理学这一单词由geo（土地）和graphia（记述）两部分组成，现在多认为这一名称是由埃拉托斯特尼等当时亚历山大学派所起的名称。地理学和哲学并列为人类历史最古老的学问。

The history of geography includes various histories of geography which have differed over time and between different cultural and political groups. In more recent developments, geography has become a distinct academic discipline. 'Geography' derives from the Greek γεωγραφία – geographia, a literal translation of which would be "to describe or write about the Earth". The first person to use the word "geography" was Eratosthenes (276–194 BC). However, there is evidence for recognizable practices of geography, such as cartography (or map-making) prior to the use of the term geography.