历史地理学或历史地理是研究在历史发展中地理环境及其演变规律的学科。基本上历史地理是把地理学加上时间影晌的因素，所以它是地理学的分支学科，又与沿革地理研究有密不可分的关系。

历史地理学的研究内容曾长期局限于研究历史人文地理。

中国的历史地理学，从古代的《禹贡》、《山海经》、《穆天子传》等早期著作算起，具有悠久的历史。1923年张其昀在《史地学报》上发表《历史地理学》，从此历史地理学在中国成为专门的现代学科。由于中国文明的延续度和历史文献的完整性等，学者认为中国历史地理研究与其它国家相比有很大的优势。 历史地理学是一门涉及历史与地理的交叉学科

Historical geography is the branch of geography which studies the ways in which geographic phenomena have changed over time. It is a broadly synthetic discipline which shares both topical and methodological similarities with history, anthropology, ecology, geology, environmental studies, literary studies, and other fields. Although the majority of work in historical geography is considered human geography, the field also encompasses studies of geographic change which are not primarily anthropogenic. In academia, historical geography is a growing field practiced by scholars in more than forty countries.