解释学（Hermeneutics），又称诠释学、阐释学，是关于文本解释的理论，尤其是解释《圣经》等宗教经文、经书典籍、哲学文献。

「文本」的概念被扩展为书面文档。例如：讲话、表现、艺术作品和事件。因此，任何一个人都在细说或者诠译「社会文本」。

Hermeneutics (/hɛrməˈnuːtɪks/ or /hɛrməˈnjuːtɪks/) is the theory and methodology of text interpretation, especially the interpretation of biblical texts, wisdom literature, and philosophical texts.

Hermeneutics was initially applied to the interpretation, or exegesis, of scripture. It emerged as a theory of understanding through the work of Friedrich Schleiermacher (Romantic hermeneutics), Wilhelm Dilthey, Martin Heidegger (hermeneutic phenomenology), Hans-Georg Gadamer, Paul Ricoeur, Northrop Frye, Walter Benjamin, Jacques Derrida (radical hermeneutics), Richard Kearney (diacritical hermeneutics), and Fredric Jameson. Modern hermeneutics includes both verbal and nonverbal communication as well as semiotics, presuppositions, and preunderstandings.