乙型病毒性肝炎（英语：hepatitis B），简称乙肝，顾名思义是由B型肝炎病毒感染后，引起的肝脏急性或慢性发炎之疾病。感染B型肝炎病毒的潜伏期，可从30天至180天不等，平均约75天。大多数人初次感染时没有明显症状，而少数人会有急性症状如恶心呕吐、黄疸、疲倦、茶色尿以及腹痛等。初次感染造成的急性症状，通常持续数周之后即会消退，极少数会造成死亡或严重并发症。婴儿经由母亲垂直感染B型肝炎后，有90%的机率成为慢性B型肝炎带原者；而5岁后才感染B型肝炎者，长大后只有不到10%会成为慢性带原者。虽然大部分慢性肝炎患者没有症状，但却有机会发展为肝硬化甚至肝癌，亦为慢性肝炎患者死因的15%至25%。

Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) which affects the liver. It can cause both acute and chronic infections. Many people have no symptoms during the initial infection. Some develop a rapid onset of sickness with vomiting, yellowish skin, tiredness, dark urine and abdominal pain. Often these symptoms last a few weeks and rarely does the initial infection result in death. It may take 30 to 180 days for symptoms to begin. In those who get infected around the time of birth 90% develop chronic hepatitis B while less than 10% of those infected after the age of five do. Most of those with chronic disease have no symptoms; however, cirrhosis and liver cancer may eventually develop. These complications result in the death of 15 to 25% of those with chronic disease.