Animal testing

（重定向自Animal research）

An Experiment on a Bird in an Air Pump, from 1768, by Joseph Wright

One of Pavlov's dogs with a saliva-catch container and tube surgically implanted in his muzzle, Pavlov Museum, 2005

Animal testing, also known as animal experimentation, animal research, and in vivo testing, is the use of non-human animals in experiments that seek to control the variables that affect the behavior or biological system under study. This approach can be contrasted with field studies in which animals are observed in their natural environments. Experimental research with animals is usually conducted in universities, medical schools, pharmaceutical companies, defense establishments, and commercial facilities that provide animal-testing services to industry. The focus of animal testing varies on a continuum from pure research, done with little regard to the uses to which understanding may be put, to applied research, which may focus on answering some question of great practical importance, such as finding a cure for a disease. Examples of applied research include testing, breeding, defense research, and toxicology, including cosmetics testing. In education, animal testing is sometimes a component of biology or psychology courses. The practice is regulated to varying degrees in different countries.

单词	Animal research
释义	Animal research 原声例句美国国家公园 Animal research is the only winter activity going on at Isle Royale. 动物研究是皇家岛唯一的冬季活动。 VOA常速英语_美洲 Most animal research in the US is on guinea pigs, hamsters and rabbits. 美国的大多数动物研究都是在豚鼠、仓鼠和兔子身上进行的。科学60秒-科学美国人 2023年8月合集 John was inspired, and decided to shift the focus of his animal research. 约翰深受启发，决定转移动物研究的重点。历年考研阅读新题型真题 Neither one of them actually participated in any contributions to animal research or conservation. 两家动物园都没有为动物研究或保护做出任何实际贡献。历年考研英语阅读真题（英语一） Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. 当被问到是否反对免疫接种时，她想知道的却是疫苗是否来自动物实验。 VOA常速英语_美洲 Amanda Dettmer is with speaking of research a group that supports humane animal research. 阿曼达·德特默说到研究，这是一个支持人道动物研究的组织。 VOA Special 2021年9月合集 He worked with other researchers on the tests at an indoor animal research laboratory in Germany. 他和其他研究人员一起在德国的一个室内动物研究实验室进行了测试。 VOA常速英语（视频版）- 2022年合集 USDA which oversees animal research and innovative the company that last year acquired in Vigo declined to comment. 负责监督动物研究和创新的美国农业部去年在维戈收购的这家公司拒绝置评。 VOA常速英语_美洲 USDA which oversees animal research and innovative the company that last year acquired Envigo declined to comment. 负责动物研究和创新的美国农业部拒绝置评，美国农业部去年收购了Envigo。 CNN 10 学生英语 2018年12月合集 People who support animal research say it helps develop drugs and medical treatments that benefit people, pets, farm animals and wildlife. 支持动物研究的人说，它有助于开发药物和医疗方法，使人们、宠物、农场动物和野生动物受益。 VOA常速英语（视频版）- 2022年合集 There are, however, worldwide ethical codes that explicitly state that animal research and testing should come before human testing and research. 然而，世界范围内的道德准则明确规定，动物研究和试验应先于人类试验和研究。 VOA Special 2014年7月合集 People at increased threat include those working in animal research, health care workers and others caring for patients in the community. 面临不断威胁的人们包括动物研究所的工作人员和医疗工作者，以及社区中照顾病人的其他人。科学快报-科学美国人Science Quickly, from SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN John was inspired, and decided to shift the focus of his animal research. 霍尔：约翰受到启发，决定转移他的动物研究重点。 1997-2009年考研英语历年真题（阅读部分） 7 Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. 7 当被问及是否反对免疫接种时，她想知道疫苗是否来自动物研究。历年考研英语阅读真题（英语一） To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst. 许多人不明白获得这些新的治疗方法和疫苗都必须进行动物实验。对于他们来说，动物实验说得好是浪费，说得不好是残忍。历年考研英语阅读真题（英语一） We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother's hip replacement, a father's bypass operation, a baby's vaccinations, and even a pet's shots. 我们需要说明动物实验与祖母的髋骨更换、父亲的心脏搭桥、婴儿的免疫接种、甚至宠物的注射针剂都密切相关。 TED演讲（视频版） 2020年10月合集 Most research studies, including some of my own, focus on THC. In fact, our animal research has shown a negative relationship between THC and opioid addiction. 大多数研究，包括我自己的一些研究，都集中在四氢大麻酚上。事实上，我们的动物研究表明四氢大麻酚和阿片类药物成瘾之间存在负相关关系。 1997-2009年考研英语历年真题（阅读部分） 12 We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother's hip replacement, a father's bypass operation, a baby's vaccinations, and even a pet's shots. 12 我们需要弄清楚动物研究与祖母的髋关节置换术、父亲的搭桥手术、婴儿的疫苗接种，甚至宠物的注射之间的联系。 1997-2009年考研英语历年真题（阅读部分） 13To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst. 13对于那些不知道需要动物研究来生产这些治疗方法以及新疗法和疫苗的人来说，动物研究往好里说是浪费，往坏里说是残酷的。 VOA常速英语_美洲 There are, however, worldwide ethical codes that explicitly state that animal research and testing should come before human testing and research and you know these are codified in the Nuremberg code and the declaration of Helsinki. 然而，世界各地的伦理法规都明确规定，动物研究和试验应该先于人类试验和研究，你知道，这些都被编入纽伦堡法典和赫尔辛基宣言中。英语百科 Animal testing （重定向自Animal research） Animal testing, also known as animal experimentation, animal research, and in vivo testing, is the use of non-human animals in experiments that seek to control the variables that affect the behavior or biological system under study. This approach can be contrasted with field studies in which animals are observed in their natural environments. Experimental research with animals is usually conducted in universities, medical schools, pharmaceutical companies, defense establishments, and commercial facilities that provide animal-testing services to industry. The focus of animal testing varies on a continuum from pure research, done with little regard to the uses to which understanding may be put, to applied research, which may focus on answering some question of great practical importance, such as finding a cure for a disease. Examples of applied research include testing, breeding, defense research, and toxicology, including cosmetics testing. In education, animal testing is sometimes a component of biology or psychology courses. The practice is regulated to varying degrees in different countries.
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