荒诞派戏剧是指1940年代至1960年代主要兴起于欧洲的一个戏剧流派。“荒诞派戏剧”一词首先由马丁·艾斯林提出，他把它用作1961年出版的同名文学理论著作的标题。艾斯林认为这些剧作家的作品是加缪在《西绪福斯神话》中提出的哲学观念——“人生本来就是没有任何意义的”的文学表达。这些戏剧的共同特点是：类似杂耍，包含可怖的或悲剧的形象，人物处于无望境地、被迫重复无意义的举动，对白充满陈词滥调、文本游戏和废话，情节重复出现、或荒谬的展开，对现实主义的滑稽模仿或消解。主要代表有塞缪尔·贝克特、欧仁·尤内斯库、哈罗德·品特、让·热内、爱德华·阿尔比、瓦茨拉夫·哈维尔等。

The Theatre of the Absurd (French:théâtre de l'absurde [teɑtʁ(ə) də lapsyʁd]) is a post World War II designation for particular plays of absurdist fiction written by a number of primarily European playwrights in the late 1950s, as well as one for the style of theatre which has evolved from their work. Their work focused largely on the idea of existentialism and expressed what happens when human existence has no meaning or purpose and therefore all communication breaks down, in fact alerting their audiences to pursue the opposite. Logical construction and argument gives way to irrational and illogical speech and to its ultimate conclusion, silence.