Now, to be totally clear, these effects don't work with just any helium atom.

要说明白一点，这些效应并不适用于任何氦原子。

The mass of a helium atom is less than the combined mass of two hydrogen atoms.

一个氦原子的质量会小于两个氢原子的总质量。

In the Sun, these objects are hydrogen atoms, flung together by immense pressure, to form helium atoms.

太阳里，这些物体是氢原子，在巨大的压力下飞撞在一起，形成氦原子。

Four hydrogen atoms become one helium atom. That means there are fewer particles dancing around inside the Sun.

四个氢原子成为一个氦原子。那就意味着太阳之中有更少的粒子在跳跃。

These collisions further heat the gas until the hydrogen atoms don't collide and ricochet but coalesce to form helium atoms!

这些碰撞进一步加热气体，直到氢原子不再发生碰撞和反弹，而是结合成为氦原子！

Atoms are pretty small, though, so each helium atom made in the Sun's core generates only a tiny bit of energy… but a lot of helium atoms are made.

原子非常小，所以在太阳核心形成的每个氦原子只能产生一点点能量，但却产生了大量的氦原子。

Anyway, this is a depiction of a helium atom.

无论如何，这是对氦原子的描述。

A helium atom has two protons and two neutrons.

一个氦原子有两个质子和两个中子。

– the forceful joining of hydrogen atoms to create helium atoms.

– 氢原子强力结合形成氦原子。

This image of a helium atom, they say right here this is one femtometer.

这张氦原子的图片，他们说这是一个飞秒计。

Or at least this helium atom has two protons and two neutrons.

或者至少这个氦原子有两个质子和两个中子。

Every second, trillions of hydrogen atoms fuse into helium atoms in a process called nuclear fusion.

每秒，数以万亿计的氢原子在称为核聚变的过程中融合成氦原子。

Instead, all that energy is created through a nuclear reaction, which slams hydrogen atoms together to create larger helium atoms and some extra energy on the side.

相反，所有能量都是通过核反应产生的，核反应将氢原子撞击在一起以产生更大的氦原子和一些额外的能量。

For instance, the mass of a neutral helium atom is 4.002603 unified atomic mass units.

一个稳定的氦原子核的质量是4。002603u。

That means that the nucleus of a helium atom has 0.030377 unified atomic mass units less mass than its component parts.

这意味着氦原子核的质量比其组成部分少 0.030377 个统一原子质量单位。

After banging into enough helium there, a muon will slow down and lose energy—and eventually get trapped by a final helium atom.

在那里撞击足够多的氦气后，μ 子会减速并失去能量——并最终被最后一个氦原子困住。

And then this whole haze around there, those are the two electrons that helium has, or that at least this helium atom has.

然后周围的整个阴霾，那些是氦的两个电子，或者至少这个氦原子有。

That binding energy is how much energy you would have to add to the helium atom in order to break it apart its nucleus.

该结合能是您必须向氦原子添加多少能量才能将其分解成原子核。

But two neutrons and two protons – the component parts of a helium atom – taken together have a mass of 4.032980 unified atomic mass units.

但是两个中子和两个质子——氦原子的组成部分——加在一起的质量为 4.032980 个统一原子质量单位。

Instead, the pressure arranged the helium and sodium into a kind of 3-D checkerboard pattern, forcing pairs of electrons to separate and basically hang out on their own in between the helium atoms, almost like a negatively charged ion without a nucleus.

相反，高压将氦原子和钠原子以类似3D立体棋盘的模式进行组合，强迫电子对分开，基本上都单独悬浮于氦原子之间，近似没有原子核的负离子。