Dr. Marshall and Dr. Warren pinpointed a spiral-shaped bacteria called Helicobacter pylori, or H. pylori, as the real offender.

Marshall 博士和 Warren 博士指出了一种名为幽门螺杆菌 ( Helicobacter pylori)或幽门螺杆菌 ( H. pylori) 的螺旋状细菌是真正的罪魁祸首。

However, we do know individual genetics, other medical problems, use of certain medications, smoking, and the genetic diversity of Helicobacter strains all play a role.

然而，我们确实知道个体遗传学、其他医学问题、某些药物的使用、吸烟以及幽门螺杆菌菌株的遗传多样性都会发挥作用。

This type is extranodal - mostly happening in the lining of the stomach among individuals with chronic inflammation, like those with Helicobacter pylori infection, a bacteria that causes chronic gastritis.

这种类型是结外的，主要发生在慢性炎症患者的胃粘膜中，比如感染了幽门螺杆菌的患者；幽门螺杆菌是一种导致慢性胃炎的细菌。

The process of discovery began in 1983 when Barry Marshall, a doctor in Perth, Western Australia, found that many stomach cancers and most stomach ulcers are caused by a bacterium called Helicobacter pylori.

这个发现过程始于1983年。当时，西澳大利亚州珀斯的巴里·马歇尔医生发现，许多胃癌和大多数胃溃疡为一种名叫幽门螺旋杆菌的细菌所致。