螺旋酶（英语：Helicases，又译解旋酶或解螺旋酶）是所有生物体维持生命所必需的一类酶，可分为多种类型。这类酵素是能够依循核酸磷酸双酯骨架（phosphodiester backbone）的方向性，而往特定方向移动的马达蛋白（motor protein）。移动过程中可将相连的两条核酸长链（如DNA、RNA或两者的混合分子）解开，作用时所需能量来自核苷酸水解。

许多细胞代谢过程(cellular processes)，如DNA复制，转录，翻译，重组，DNA修复，和核糖体合成涉及的核酸链的分离必须使用解旋酶。

Helicases are a class of enzymes vital to all living organisms. Their main function is to unpackage an organism's genes. They are motor proteins that move directionally along a nucleic acid phosphodiester backbone, separating two annealed nucleic acid strands (i.e., DNA, RNA, or RNA-DNA hybrid) using energy derived from ATP hydrolysis. There are many helicases resulting from the great variety of processes in which strand separation must be catalyzed. Approximately 1% of eukaryotic genes code for helicases. The human genome codes for 95 non-redundant helicases: 64 RNA helicases and 31 DNA helicases. Many cellular processes, such as DNA replication, transcription, translation, recombination, DNA repair, and ribosome biogenesis involve the separation of nucleic acid strands that necessitates the use of helicases.