刺猬是属于哺乳动物中的猬形目。最普遍的刺猬种类是学名为“欧洲刺猬”的普通刺猬，广泛分布在欧洲、亚洲北部，在中国的北方和长江流域也分布很广，这种刺猬冬天冬眠，在苏南民间又被叫做偷瓜獾。刺猬体肥矮，爪锐利，眼小，毛短，浑身有短而密的刺，遇敌害时能将身体卷曲成球状，将刺朝外，保护自己，刚出生时刺软眼盲。

刺猬在夜间活动，以昆虫和蠕虫为主要食物，一晚上能吃掉200克的虫子，消灭害虫因此有利于农业。和豪猪不同，刺猬的刺不能脱落。刺猬一般能抵抗许多种毒物，但无法抵抗杀虫剂，有时因误食被杀虫剂杀死的虫子而中毒身亡，也因为行动缓慢，有时会被高速行驶的车辗死。刺猬的主要天敌是貂、猫头鹰和狐狸等食肉动物。

A hedgehog is any of the spiny mammals of the subfamily Erinaceinae, in the order Eulipotyphla. There are seventeen species of hedgehog in five genera, found through parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa, and in New Zealand by introduction. There are no hedgehogs native to Australia, and no living species native to the Americas (the extinct genus Amphechinus was once present in North America). Hedgehogs share distant ancestry with shrews (family Soricidae), with gymnures possibly being the intermediate link, and have changed little over the last 15 million years. Like many of the first mammals, they have adapted to a nocturnal way of life. Hedgehogs' spiny protection resembles that of the unrelated porcupines, which are rodents, and echidnas, a type of monotreme.