猎首（headhunting），又称猎头，中国古籍作馘首，**称出草，指将人杀死后砍下头颅并收集的一种习俗。许多古代文明都曾流行过猎首的做法，有史籍记载的包括：古中国人、**、日本人、阿富汗的努里斯坦人、古印度的阿萨姆人和那加兰人、缅甸的佤族、婆罗洲人、印度尼西亚人、菲律宾人、密克罗尼西亚人、美拉尼西亚人、新西兰毛利人、亚马逊平原与美国大平原地区的印第安人、尼日尔利亚人、欧洲的凯尔特人和斯基泰人，等等。猎首的做法到了第二次世界大战期间还在太平洋战场出现过，但到今天已经在全世界范围内基本绝迹了。

Headhunting is the practice of taking and preserving a person's head after killing the person. Headhunting was practised in historic times in parts of Oceania, South and Southeast Asia, West and Central Africa, and Mesoamerica, as well as among certain tribes of the Celts, the West Germanic tribes, and Scythians of ancient Europe. It occurred in Europe until the 19th century in Montenegro, Croatia, and western parts of Herzegovina, and to the end of the Middle Ages in Ireland and the Anglo-Scottish border regions.