So, is it possible to have too much HDL?

高密度脂蛋白太多也可能出问题吗？

As more HDL counteracts the effects of LDL.

更多的高密度脂蛋白会抵消低密度脂蛋白的影响。

The other one is high-density lipoprotein, or HDL.

另一个是高密度脂蛋白，或称 HDL。

HDL, on the other hand, is " good" cholesterol.

另一方面，高密度脂蛋白是“好”胆固醇。

The teaching has been up until recently, that the higher the HDL, the lower the risk.

直到最近，教学上一直这样说：高密度脂蛋白越高，风险越低。

HDL has this good reputation because it binds to LDL, carrying that bad stuff to the liver.

高密度脂蛋白有这个好名声，因为它与低密度脂蛋白结合，把坏东西带到肝脏。

Furthermore, it decreased the level of triglycerides, LDL cholesterol and blood glucose, and increased the level of HDL cholesterol.

此外，生酮饮食还降低了患者体内的甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇及血糖水平，增加了高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平。

If you've ever had a cholesterol test, you'll know it's the ratio of HDL to LDL that matters.

如果你做过胆固醇测试，你就会知道高密度脂蛋白和低密度脂蛋白的比例很重要。

So traditionally, physicians have been using very high HDL levels as a marker of a really healthy cholesterol profile.

因此，传统上，医生们一直将高密度脂蛋白超高水平作为胆固醇状况健康的标志。

For women, the risk climbed once HDL levels topped 100.

对女性来说，一旦高密度脂蛋白水平超过 100，风险就会攀升。

HDL is important because it's a marker of metabolic health.

高密度脂蛋白很重要，因为它是代谢健康的标志。

HDL is bad if it's under 40.

如果高密度脂蛋白低于 40，就是坏的。

It increases your bad LDL cholesterol, and it decreases your good HDL cholesterol.

它会增加你的坏低密度脂蛋白胆固醇，并降低你的好高密度脂蛋白胆固醇。

I've read that estrogen can increase HDL in women, and that it can be protective.

我之前读到过，雌性激素可以增加女性的高密度脂蛋白，并且高密度脂蛋白有保护作用。

There's a difference between where men and women enter the HDL danger zone.

男性和女性的高密度脂蛋白危险区是有区别的。

For men, cardiac and other disease risks went up if their HDL levels were under 40 — or over 80.

对于男性来说，如果他们的高密度脂蛋白水平低于 40 或高于 80，心脏病和其它疾病的风险就会上升。

There aren't drugs that bring down high HDL.

没有药物可以降低高的高密度脂蛋白。

Now it's a bit of a mystery why HDL should turn bad when it goes really high.

这有点神秘——为什么高密度脂蛋白非常高时会变坏？

In short-term trials of 6 months or so, people lost a modest amount of weight and tended to slightly lower triglycerides while boosting HDL.

在短期六个月左右，人们减重，甘油三酯降低，HDL升高。

But once women reach menopause, their estrogen levels drop, and HDL becomes less protective.

而一进入更年期，女性的雌激素水平就会下降，高密度脂蛋白的保护作用就会减弱。