危害与可操作性分析（HAZOP）是为了识别及评估可能产生的问题，结构化及系统化的查看流程及作业的方法，流程及作业可以是正在计划中的，也可以是既有的，所关注的问题是可能造成人员或设备的风险，或是影响正常作业的问题。

危害与可操作性分析一开始是用来分析化工厂的进程控制系统，但之后延伸到其他类型的系统，也包括复杂系统及软件系统。危害与可操作性分析是一种以引导词（guide-word）为基础的非量化技术，一般会由多部门组成的团队（HAZOP团队）由多次的开会来进行。

A hazard and operability study (HAZOP) is a structured and systematic examination of a planned or existing process or operation in order to identify and evaluate problems that may represent risks to personnel or equipment, or prevent efficient operation; it is carried out by a suitably experienced multi-disciplinary team (HAZOP team) during a set of meetings. The HAZOP technique is qualitative, and aims to stimulate the imagination of participants to identify potential hazards and operability problems; structure and completeness are given by using guideword prompts. The relevant international standard calls for team members to display 'intuition and good judgement' and for the meetings to be held in 'a climate of positive thinking and frank discussion'. The HAZOP technique was initially developed to analyze chemical process systems and mining operation process but has later been extended to other types of systems and also to complex operations such as nuclear power plant operation and to use software to record the deviation and consequence.