哈佛架构（英语：Harvard architecture）是一种将进程指令储存和数据储存分开的存储器结构(Split Cache)。这一词起源于Harvard Mark I型继电器式计算机，它存储指令（24位）在纸带上和数据于机电计数器上。 中央处理器首先到进程指令储存器中读取进程指令内容，解码后得到数据地址，再到相应的数据储存器中读取数据，并进行下一步的操作（通常是执行）。进程指令储存和数据储存分开，数据和指令的储存可以同时进行，可以使指令和数据有不同的数据宽度，如Microchip公司的PIC16芯片的进程指令是14位宽度，而数据是8位宽度。操作者所需加载的进程；处理器无法初始化。

The Harvard architecture is a computer architecture with physically separate storage and signal pathways for instructions and data. The term originated from the Harvard Mark I relay-based computer, which stored instructions on punched tape (24 bits wide) and data in electro-mechanical counters. These early machines had data storage entirely contained within the central processing unit, and provided no access to the instruction storage as data. Programs needed to be loaded by an operator; the processor could not initialize itself.