卤代烷烃或称卤代烷，是指烷烃分子中的一个或多个氢原子被卤素原子（氟、氯、溴、碘）取代的有机化合物，属于卤代烃。

天然存在的卤代烃种类不多，大多数卤代烃属于合成产物。卤代烃一般用RX表示（X=F、Cl、Br、I），卤原子是卤代烃的官能团。卤代烃容易发生碳卤键异裂、卤素被取代的反应。可以作为灭火剂、制冷剂、气雾剂、干洗剂、溶剂等，用途广泛。某些卤代烷如氟氯碳化合物（氟利昂）也是大气污染的主要来源之一， 能导致臭氧层的破坏，增加地表面的紫外线辐射强度。

The haloalkanes (also known, as halogenoalkanes or alkyl halides) are a group of chemical compounds derived from alkanes containing one or more halogens. They are a subset of the general class of halocarbons, although the distinction is not often made. Haloalkanes are widely used commercially and, consequently, are known under many chemical and commercial names. They are used as flame retardants, fire extinguishants, refrigerants, propellants, solvents, and pharmaceuticals. Subsequent to the widespread use in commerce, many halocarbons have also been shown to be serious pollutants and toxins. For example, the chlorofluorocarbons have been shown to lead to ozone depletion. Methyl bromide is a controversial fumigant. Only haloalkanes which contain chlorine, bromine, and iodine are a threat to the ozone layer, but fluorinated volatile haloalkanes in theory may have activity as greenhouse gases. Methyl iodide, a naturally occurring substance, however, does not have ozone-depleting properties and the United States Environmental Protection Agency has designated the compound a non-ozone layer depleter. For more information, see Halomethane. Haloalkane or alkyl halides are the compounds which have the general formula ″RX″ where R is an alkyl or substituted alkyl group and X is a halogen (F, Cl, Br, I).