黏菌是一种原生生物，分类学上的名称为「Mycetozoa」，意思是「真菌动物」，这样的名称表现了其外观与生活型态。它们保有变形虫的身体构造，但是也与真菌类同样拥有能够释放孢子的子实体，而这些特征也使他们看起来和霉菌相似。现在的系统分类学将其归位在植物与真菌之间，与其他原生生物在亲源关系上有段距离，两者之间由部分植物相隔。

黏菌分布于世界各地，具有许多不同的分类群。其中较为著名两大类是原生质体黏菌与细胞性黏菌。其中原生质体黏菌在分类上称为黏菌亚纲（Myxogastria），也称为「真黏菌」或「非细胞黏菌」。而细胞性黏菌则属于网柱黏菌亚纲（Dictyostelia）。两者的主要差异在于生命周期与生理结构。

Slime mold or slime mould is an informal name given to several kinds of unrelated eukaryotic organisms that can live freely as single cells, but aggregate together to form multicellular reproductive structures. Slime molds were formerly classified as fungi but are no longer considered part of that kingdom. Although not related to one another, they are still sometimes grouped for convenience within the paraphyletic group referred to as kingdom Protista.